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[主观题]

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every fi

ve Americans at work was employed, i. e. , worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been tile fastestgrowing groups in our working population—growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.

Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist's trade or book-keeping(簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

It is implied that fifty years ago _______.

A．eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories

B．twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees

C．the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers

D．the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers

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发布时间：2023-03-20

更多“Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every fi”相关的问题

第1题

-Jack,how do you compare their company and ours?-（）.

A.I don't think so

B.Very well

C.Well,it's hard to do that

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第2题

A 4 year Kid, who does not know what an Email or a Chat App is, prays to God: “Hey, Lo

rd, Please make me a smartphone”. This young kid is asking such a wish from God, because he sees that his parents at home are completely glued to this magical device called smartphone and has no time to look up at him. The smartphone is getting more attention in the house than the child. His parents are present there physically, but their minds are somewhere else. It’s so true that this device has become an inseparable part of our day to day life, and we are addicted to it. We will start feeling restless if we do not look to our phone after a few minutes. We react faster to a phone beep or a message compared to a call by a family member from a different room. We all need to come out of this head-down syndrome. We all need to connect and communicate in real world. We need to put this technology to good use and not become a slave. So what shall we do？ It’s simple: the solution is called “digital break”. This means, when you return home from work, you simply turn off or mute all your digital devices for a few hours every day, or at least once in a while. What do you do then？ You can share your time with the family, chatting with your wife or husband, playing games with your kids, doing things with other family members, etc. in real life. You will soon realize the world outside the smartphone is much more enjoyable

1.The kid is 5 years old.()

2.The kid asked God for a smartphone.()

3.Smartphones have become an inseparable part of our daily life.()

4.We all need to connect and communicate in virtual world.()

5.The only solution to the head-down syndrome is called “digital break.()

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第3题

It would be difficult to have a society like ours without public goods such as defense, tr

ansportation, and other services.

A public good is one that a person can use without reducing the use of it for another person. One of the best example of a public good is national defense. One person can benefit form. our national defense without reducing another person's benefits. In fact, it is difficult to keep any person in our society from enjoying the benefits of national defense.

The market system does not work well in producing public goods. This is because a person who refuses to pay for a public good cannot be kept from using it. Suppose that the neighbors in a high crime area decide to hire a police force. Each neighbor, except Mrs. Smith, agrees to pay $100 a year for it. Mrs. Smith refuses to pay because she knows that if all the others pay the $100, the police will guard the area anyway. So Mrs. Smith can enjoy the services of the police force without paying $100.

The market system has no way to deal with this type of problem. For this reason, we cannot ask each person to make a direct payment in the form. of product price. Therefore, we collect money for public goods by using taxes.

According to the passage, public goods are______.

A．services enjoyed by all people

B．what we can buy and sell in public

C．products that we make for national defense

D．taxes paid by the people involved

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第4题

1 For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to

be what we now have to call—lamely, enviously—whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person's "inside" and "outside," they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive—and so ugly. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly—and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was.

2 They may have resisted Socrates' lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty. We not only split off—with the greatest facility—the "inside"(character, intellect) from the "outside" (looks); but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, good.

3 It was principally the influence of Christianity that deprived beauty of the central place it had in classical ideals of human excellence. By limiting excellence (virtus in Latin) to moral virtue only, Christianity set beauty adrift—as an alienated, arbitrary, superficial enchantment. And beauty has continued to lose prestige. For close to two centuries it has become a convention to attribute beauty to only one of the two sexes, the sex which, however fair, is always Second. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally.

4 A beautiful woman, we say in English, but a handsome man. "Handsome" is the masculine equivalent of—and refusal of—a compliment which has accumulated certain demeaning overtones, by being reserved for women only. That one can call a man "beautiful" in French and in Italian suggests that Catholic countries—unlike those countries shaped by the Protestant version of Christianity—still retain some vestiges of the pagan admiration for beauty. But the difference, if one exists, is of degree only. In every modern country that is Christian or post-Christian, women are the beautiful sex—to the detriment of the notion of beauty as well as of women.

The author means ______ by "whole persons" in Para.

A．persons of beauty

B．persons of virtue

C．persons of excellence

D．none of the above

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第5题

In our society, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is pe

rformed on a person-to person【C1】______ by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, stand in football match【C2】______ , we are likely to have conversation【C3】______ we give information or opinions, and sometimes have our views【C4】______ by other members of society. Face-to-face contact is【C5】______ the only form. of communication and during the last two hundred years the【C6】______ of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, 【C7】______ others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to【C8】______ in printing, photography and so on. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the【C9】______ and reception of communications so that local news often takes【C10】______ back beat to national news.

No longer is the possession of information【C11】______ to a privileged minority. Forty years ago people used to【C12】______ to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a programme that【C13】______ into millions of homes. Communication is no longer merely concerned【C14】______ the transmission of information. The modem communications industry influences the way people live in society and broadens, their【C15】______ by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and【C16】______ industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining.

【C17】______ a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very【C18】______ to the individual and to the society of which he is a part, the vast modem network of communications is【C19】______ to abuse. How ever, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning【C20】______ .

【C1】

A．basis

B．base

C．foundation

D．ground

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第6题

阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确为“T”，错误为“F”。A 4 year Kid, who does

阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确为“T”，错误为“F”。

A 4 year Kid, who does not know what an Email or a Chat App is, prays to GodA、“Hey, Lord, Please make me a smartphone”. This young kid is asking such a wish from God, because he sees that his parents at home are completely glued to this magical device called smartphone and has no time to look up at him. The smartphone is getting more attention in the house than the child. His parents are present there physically, but their minds are somewhere else.

It’s so true that this device has become an inseparable part of our day to day life, and we are addicted to it. We will start feeling restless if we do not look to our phone after a few minutes. We react faster to a phone beep or a message compared to a call by a family member from a different room. We all need to come out of this head-down syndrome. We all need to connect and communicate in real world. We need to put this technology to good use and not become a slave.

So what shall we do？ It’s simpleA、the solution is called “digital break”. This means, when you return home from work, you simply turn off or mute all your digital devices for a few hours every day, or at least once in a while. What do you do then？ You can share your time with the family, chatting with your wife or husband, playing games with your kids, doing things with other family members, etc. in real life. You will soon realize the world outside the smartphone is much more enjoyable

1. The kid is 5 years old. {T、F}

2. The kid asked God for a smartphone. {T、F}

3. Smartphones have become an inseparable part of our daily life. {T、F}

4. We all need to connect and communicate in virtual world. {T、F}

5. The only solution to the head-down syndrome is called “digital break. {T、F}

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第7题

Two hundred years ago, it took several weeks for the news of the important Battle of T

rafalgar to reach London.Nowadays, you can watch a terrorist attack as it happens anywhere in the world.The communications revolution means that we are constantly bombarded with instant news.This has great advantages, but it also raises important questions.

Satellites have enabled immediate reporting worldwide.A reporter can send the news to a network like CBS News and within seconds it can be all over the world.They send electronic reports that go straight into the newspaper or onto the TV screen.Reporters can now also transmit images through their mobile phones.Consequently, live, “on-the-spot” reporting has become the norm and TV viewers can get a much better idea of what a natural disaster, a conflict or an interesting scientific discovery is like.

In recent years, several changes have occurred in the ownership of news media.Networks owned by large companies and governments have become bigger and very powerful.These networks – such as BBC News 24–are hungry for news and have huge audiences.However, there can only be a limited number of such networks and their ownership is a big issue.

Some companies not only own TV and radio networks but newspaper groups as well.Who decides what news to publish and what sort of “spin” to put on it？ Is it always objective？ There are now “spin doctors” who manipulate the news,emphasising certain parts and not others – and as a result, much of it is not neutral.Therefore, the question of control of the media matters very much.In some cases, the media companies are more powerful than governments.They can even influence elections.So the question is – should they be controlled and if so, by whom？

1.Immediate reporting has become possible all over the world because of().

A.reporters

B.the use of news networks

C.the use of satellites

D.the communications revolution

2.()has become the norm.

A.Electronic reports

B.Instant news

C.Live reporting

D.Transmitting images through mobile phones

3.In what ways are media companies powerful？ ()

A.They can influence elections in some way

B.Nowadays, the manipulation of news reports is possible

C.They not only own TV and radio networks but newspaper groups as well

D.All of the above

4.According to the passage, the big issue is ().

A.ownership of news networks

B.that there can only be a limited number of such networks like BBC News 24

C.that networks owned by large companies and governments have become bigger and very powerful

D.that the news reporting is manipulated by big companies

5.What can be inferred from this passage？ ().

A.The disadvantages of the communications revolution outweigh its advantages

B.We should put the question of control of the media on the agenda

C.The news reporting has always been objective

D.A reporter can send news directly to the audiences all over the world

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第8题

The Princess DiseaseHave you ever heard of the princess disease？ It is a terrible diseas

The Princess Disease

Have you ever heard of the princess disease？ It is a terrible disease. __26__ It wastes away at one’s social life and people’s tolerance. People with this disease think they are better than everyone else, without a real reason.

Jin is a girl who suffers from this disease. __27__ She thinks she is better looking than her friends and most people she has met. It is, as far as she is concerned, a well-known fact that she dresses better, sings better, and dances better than most people in her school, too.

So is Jin justified in believing that she is better than everyone else？ __28__ Of course, she thinks this is because the singing coach hates her, since the coach has bad skin and is jealous of her. She is good at sports, but she isn’t the strongest, fastest, or even the best at any of their school’s events. __29__ She, again thinks it was because of the "haters". After losing, she pretended she’d just run for fun and it was no big deal, but in fact it was a huge deal to her.

Jin definitely has the disease. The treatment is to stop being so mean and geta little modesty. __30__ She might even get rid of this disease if she tries hard enough.

A.She is too proud of herself.

B.Jin is very popular.

C.Then things might become better for her.

D.She sings well, but not well enough to be a lead singer.

E.It threatens to push one’s friends away.

F.She ran for class president, but came in third

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第9题

Television has changed the lifestyle. of people in every industrialized country in the wor

ld. In the United States, where sociologists have studied the effects, some interesting observations have been made.

Television, although not essential, has become an important part of most people’s lives. It alters people's ways of seeing the world; in many ways, it supports and sustains (维持) modern life. Television has become a baby-sitter, an introducer of conversations, the major transmitter of culture, a keeper of tradition. Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer; the poor quality of programming does not elevate (提高)people into greater understanding, but rather maintains and encourages the life as it exists.

The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programming development and the economics of TV. Television in America began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television. Therefore, the close relationship which the advertisers had with radio programs became the system for American TV. Sponsors not only paid money for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs. Thus, in American society, television is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society rather than experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible. To do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather than educational, attractive rather than challenging.

Television in America today remains, to a large extent, with the same organization and standards as it had thirty years ago. The hope for further development and true achievement toward improving society will require a change in the entire system.

According to the author American television is poor in quality because ______.

A．advertisers are interested in experimenting with new ideas

B．it is still at an early stage of development, compared with the radio

C．the programs have to be developed in the interests of the sponsors for economic reasons

D．it is controlled by radio companies

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第10题

Everybody loathes it, but everybody does it. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans ha

te the practice. It seems so arbitrary, after all. Why does a barman get a tip, but not a doctor who saves lives？

In America alone, tipping is now a ＄16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they？ The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.

Such explanations no doubt explain the purported origin of tipping—in the 16th century, boxes in English taverns carried the phrase "To Insure Promptitude" (later just "TIP"). But according to new research from Cornell University, tipping no longer serves any useful function.

The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.

Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries ＄2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.

How to account for these national differences？ Look no further than psychology. According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served by strangers. And, says Mr. Lynn, "In America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip—a measure of their introversion, no doubt.

While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does not work. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it actually stimulate the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. Service people should "just be paid a decent wage" which may actually make economic sense.

Which is tree according to the passage？

A．It is regulated that the customers must pay a tip if they want to get good service.

B．There exists the tipping custom in each country.

C．In some countries, tipping has become an industry.

D．More and more people are in favor of tipping.

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